Chapter 1. Tools Utilized
59
Figure 5.1: FPGA block array.
set number of LUTs, flip-flops and multiplexers. A LUT is a collection of logic gates
hard-wired on the FPGA. LUTs store a predefined list of outputs for every combination
of inputs and provide a fast way to retrieve the output of a logic operation. A flip-flop
is a circuit capable of two stable states and represents a single bit. A multiplexer, also
known as a mux, is a circuit that selects between two or more inputs and outputs the
selected input.
Different FPGA families implement slices and LUTs differently. For example, a slice on
a Virtex-II FPGA has two LUTs and two flip-flops but a slice on a Virtex-5 FPGA has
four LUTs and four flip-flops. In addition, the number of inputs to a LUT, commonly
two to six, depend on the FPGA family[
].The amount of logic blocks has increased
drastically in the past years from approximately 8000 in 1982 to practically millions
today[