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Chapter 4: Conceptual Approach
4.1 Research Design
This thesis implementation does not integrate financial data or operational data from systems like
SCADA or data from smart meters, but instead focuses on building a demo system that illustrates the
potential functionalities and benefits of such an approach. The research design details the
technologies used, the rationale behind their selection, and the expected outcomes from testing the
system within the Optimistic Ethereum environment.
Research Scope and Objectives: The core objective of this research is to develop a conceptual
prototype that automates the creation, management, and trading of VPPAs using blockchain
technology. This system aims to showcase the benefits of decentralization, transparency, and
automation in energy trading without delving into complex integrations with financial or operational
data. By developing a demonstrative model, the project provides insights into how blockchain can be
used to streamline renewable energy agreements and explores the scalability and security aspects
within a Layer-2 environment.
Technology and Design Choices: The smart contracts for this project were developed using Solidity
version 0.5.16, which was the prevalent version at the time of initial development. Solidity 0.5.16
was chosen because it was widely adopted and stable, offering essential security features such as
improved function visibility, stricter type checks, and better error handling. These features were
critical in ensuring the robustness of the contracts, particularly given the financial nature of VPPAs.
Additionally, using Solidity >0.5.x (general versions of > 0.5.x) allowed compatibility with various
Ethereum development tools, facilitating a smoother development and testing process [44].
The project utilizes Optimistic Ethereum as the Layer-2 solution for its scalability benefits. Optimistic
Ethereum enhances transaction throughput and reduces costs by processing transactions off-chain and
settling them on the Ethereum mainnet after a dispute period. This choice was made to demonstrate
how Layer-2 solutions can effectively scale energy trading platforms, making them more accessible
and efficient. The smart contracts are modular, designed to handle producer and buyer registrations,
VPPA creation and management, and energy trading functions, all while ensuring a secure and
transparent environment [45].
Conceptual Demonstration and Expected Outcomes: This prototype is intended to show how
blockchain-based systems can simplify the VPPA process by automating contract execution,
providing decentralized verification, and offering transparent energy accounting. By deploying the
smart contracts on the Optimistic Ethereum testnet, the project aims to validate the technical
feasibility of this approach without needing to simulate real-world financial transactions or integrate
external data sources. This conceptual model serves as a foundational demonstration of how
blockchain can optimize the VPPA process, highlighting potential pathways for future enhancements.