Chapter 1
Introduction
The modern trend in digital circuits and modern data processing, is gradually mov-
ing away from inflexible and big circuits such as desktop computer processors and is
rapidly turning to more compact, adaptable and cheaper implementations. The field of
embedded systems focuses in the construction of a computer system with a dedicated
function, which is a crucial component of a larger installment, i.e. it is embedded within
a larger system[
]. Usually these systems are in the form of micro-controllers which are
processors along with all the required peripheral units, such as memory and external
chips, already installed.
1.1
Embedded Systems
The key factor in embedded systems is their flexibility. Engineers can adapt the design
very easily in order to meet certain requirements. These requirements can come in the
form of area or power restrictions. Since these installments are often used in areas where
the environment places a lot of restrictions, these easily adjustable systems are the go-to
choice. As it is clearly evident the utilization spectrum is vast, ranging from cars and
household equipment to satellites and space shuttles[
The embedded systems design requires fast system prototyping to validate the feasibility
of various implementations and to guide toward the optimal selection. In this context,
almost every embedded system engineer has at his arsenal one or more re-programmable
FPGA hardware circuits.
Re-programmable hardware is a term used to describe a
1